Items where Subject is "Turnover of employees. Labor turnover"
- Library of Congress Subject Areas (1)
- H Social Sciences (1)
- HF Commerce (4)
- Personnel management. Employment management (4)
- Turnover of employees. Labor turnover (133)
- Personnel management. Employment management (4)
- HF Commerce (4)
- H Social Sciences (1)
Article
The role of management accounting in a turnaround strategy / Adibah Jamaluddin, Nurul Izwah Mohd Husin and Normah Omar. (2018) Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 13 (3). pp. 131-148. ISSN 2550-1631
Transformational leadership and turnover intention : mediating role of overall job satisfaction / Azlinda Hakim Lokman Hakim and Hairunnisa Mohamad Ibrahim. (2017) Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts (JTHCA), 9 (2). pp. 1-12. ISSN 1985-8914 ; 2590-3837
The effects of job satisfaction, burnout and organizational culture on auditor’s turnover intention / Norul Akma Mansor ... [et al.]. (2018) Insight Journal (IJ), Vol.2. pp. 14-32. ISSN 2600-8564
Factors affecting turnover intention among Gen Y in hotel industry / Mohamad Niza Md Nor ... [et al.]. (2017) Jurnal Intelek, 12 (1). pp. 1-5. ISSN 2231-7716
Turnover intention; predicting age role on perceived work exhaustion in hospitality industry / Irina Mohd Akhir... [et al.]. (2020) ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4. pp. 230-243. ISSN 2600-7274
Is professional commitment the reason for turnover intentions of IT professionals? / Mohamed Buhari Mufitha, Lee Su Teng and Yong Chen Chen. (2019) Advances in Business Research International Journal (ABRIJ), 5 (1). pp. 124-143. ISSN 2462-1838
An examination of flexible work arrangements, work-family conflict, and organizational outcomes / Jacob Ongaki. (2020) Asian-Pacific Management Accounting Journal, 15 (3): 3. pp. 61-86. ISSN 2550-1631
Turnover intention among the navy people: the role of work family interference and organizational commitment / Muhamad Zafran Whab and Raida Abu Bakar. (2021) Advances in Business Research International Journal, 7 (2): 16. pp. 145-154. ISSN 2462- 1838
Assessment of training and development and labour turnover in Federal University of Technology, Minna And Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida 2010 -2020 / Sani Yusuf, S. B. Abdulkareem and H. A. Yusuf. (2022) Journal of Administrative Science, 19 (1): 21. pp. 168-188. ISSN (eISSN) : 2600-9374
Conference or Workshop Item
Turnover intention among talented lecturers: A pilot study / Ida Rosnita Ismail … [et al.]. (2012) In: Prosiding KONAKA 2012, 5 - 6 November 2012, Gambang Resort, Kuantan, Pahang.
Thesis
Employee turnover in a private university in Cyberjaya / Azlyn Sarafina A Hamid. (2011) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
The internal factors influencing turnover intention in Bank Rakyat Johor Region / Ninna Amil Amran, Norfazilah Sulaiman and Siti Nur Janahtul Akma Sidin. (2019) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor.
A study on retaining employee in curbing employee turnover rate: a study on Oceanic Strategies Sdn Bhd / Muhammad Azmirul Fitri Azmi. (2017) Degree thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor.
Factors influencing turnover intention for registered nurse at KPJ Johor Specialist Hospital / Mohd. Fais Ismail, Nuramalina Selamat and Nurul Nadiah Mohd Nor. (2023) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor.
Factors affecting employees’ turnover intention in hotel industry / Lawrence Matius and Nurul Syakirah Elma Mohd Ali. (2018) Degree thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Terengganu.
Job satisfaction and turnover intention in Supply Chain Department of CTRM / Md Taufik Md Kadir, Azian Ibrahim and Siti Fatimah Eksan. (2014) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka.
Impact of perceived performance appraisal effectiveness and career commitment on knowledge worker turnover intention: a study of private universities in Malaysia / Marina Mustapha. (2020) PhD thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Elements of workers turnover intention in fast food restaurant at Chukai, Kemaman, Terengganu / Nur Fathiah Nazmin and Nur Sakinah Ramlan. (2019) Degree thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Terengganu.
The influence of positive work attitude and emotion on intention to leave among ICT professionals in Malaysia / Safiah Omar. (2015) PhD thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
Evaluating the factors on employee turnover intention at Singapore Telecommunication (SingTel), Melaka / Eirma Sabtu. (2019) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
The relationship between leadership empowering behaviour, ethical leadership, and employees’ psychological empowerment with turnover intention at XYZ Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. / Ainaa Farhanah Saiful Azhan, Nur Aqilah Mohammad Khairri and Nur Atiqah Muzaffar. (2019) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam.
High performance work system (HPWS), organisational justice, on-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention among employees at five-star hotels in Malaysia / Mohd Faeez Saiful Bakhtiar. (2021) PhD thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA.
The factors of employees turnover in hotel industry / Wan Maziah Wan Hassan @ Wan Hussein. (2020) Degree thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Terengganu.
Determinants of turnover intention among workforces in Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering (MMHE) / Mohd Supian Yahya, Siti Mahirah Kamardin and Tuan Amruhasan Tuan Yusof. (2024) Masters thesis, thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor.
Student Project
Factors that contribute turnover intention among the employees of Seremban Specialist Hospital / Siti Aishah Ab Jalil. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A case study: causes and effect of employee’s turnover at Petronas Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn Bhd / Noorzaika Ab Rahman. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that influences employee retention at CCM Chemicals Sdn Bhd (Pasir Gudang works) / Nurul Atiqah Abd Rashid. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing employee turnover intention / Mohd Rusydi Abdul Rahim. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing employee engagement: a study among production employees of TROX Malaysia Sdn Bhd / Nor Husna Shazween Abdul Rahim. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between job satisfaction and job turnover intention among employees in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Pasir Gudang / Anis Hamizah Abdul Rahman. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between organizational learning culture, organizational citizenship behaviour, psychological empowerment and turnover intention / Amni Faiqah Abdul Razak. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between emotional intelligence and employee motivation among office support staff at Technipfmc, Nusajaya, Johor / Nur Ridhwa Najihah Abdul Razak. (2017) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Effects of human resource practices towards employee retention among Sharp Manufacturing Corporation (M) Sdn. Bhd. permanent administrative staffs / Liyana Ayu Abdul Wahid. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing turnover intention among employees at HRSB company / Nur Syafiqah Abdullah. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors that contribute towards the job satisfaction of employees at workplace: Negeri Roadstone Sdn. Bhd. / Nurul Atiqah Abdullah. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study of relationship between incentive and employees loyalty at Amanah Raya Bhd / Ummul Qais Abu Hassan. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinant factors of employee retention at EPA management Sdn Bhd Kota Tinggi Johor / Sarasyahida Adam. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors that would affect job turnover among management staff within Avillion Legacy Melaka Hotel / Nur Kuaizah Adenan. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The hiring of illegal workers: a case study of construction sector in Kota Kinabalu Sabah / Faizah Ahmad and Nurhain Awang. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that affect the turnover intention among employees of non-nursing department in Mahkota Medical Centre, Melaka / Nur Hazwani Ahmad. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors of employees satisfaction at Plexus Manufacturing (Islandview) Sdn. Bhd. / Nursyazwani Diyana Ahmad. (2017) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The impact of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and empowerment on employee loyalty in Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad / Nurul Afni Shazrini Ahmad Suwadi. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors influencing turnover intention among employees in Klana Beach Resort Port Dickson / Siti Naquiah Amizee. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The employee retention among Generation Y at Sime Darby Industrial Sdn. Bhd., Puchong / Nurul Syuhadah Ariadi and Azawarah Abdullah. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determine key drivers of employee engagement among nurses in a healthcare sector: a case of KPJ Damansara Specialist Hospital / Nurfitryannie Asik. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Effect of work life balance on turnover intention among academic staffs in UiTM Melaka Kampus Bandaraya / Norida Aya and Nur Syuhada Azamai @ Azami. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that contribute to job stress among employees at Scomi Oiltools Sdn Bhd / Norhaslinda Aziz. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Human resource practices that influence turnover intention among Generation Y employees in Bank Rakyat / Siti Nur Izyan Azlin. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The factors that influence employee retention in XYZ Company / Nurul Atiqah Baddli Shah. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Engagement among Selangor State Development Corporation (PKNS) employees / Siti Sajarotun Nur Baharuddin. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that contribute decision to quit among the employees of Binary Gains Sdn Bhd / Norizam Baharudin. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Leadership styles influence employee’s turnover intention / Nur Nadia Nattasha Che Ahmad and Nadiah A. Manaf. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors to the turnover at Tesco Kota Bharu / Haslinda Che Hassan. (2008) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
External factor contributing to the employee turnover in Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan / Nur Hanifati Che Zulkepli. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Relationship between organizational culture towards turnover intention among employees in service unit of Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering (MMHE) company / Nabilah Atikah Dawan and Nur Adlina Mohamed Nasir. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The study of relationship of job satisfaction, organization commitment and turnover intention towards person-organization fit: a case study at Pernec Corporation Berhad / Zalikha Esa. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that influence employee’s turnover intention at Puspakom Sdn. Bhd. / Nur Sarah Halip and Syamimi Afiqah Ismail. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Perceived organizational support towards affective organizational commitment among workers’ in Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad (SAMB) / Nurulain Hamali. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Relationship between job stress, work engagement, job satisfaction, organization commitment and employees’ turnover intention in retail and consumer product industry in Melaka / Nur Farhana Hamidun. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Identifying drivers for employee engagement: a study on attributes intention to stay at ON semiconductor, Seremban / Nur Hamni Harun. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Organizational commitment towards turnover intention at MFS Technology (M) Sdn Bhd / Nurul Syafiqah ‘Ulya Hazalan. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Relationship between job stress, work overload, work environment, and employee’s turnover intention: a case study of Philea Resort & Spa, Ayer Keroh, Melaka / Nurmalinda Hisham and Siti Nur Kadriah Sazali. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinants of retention in Negeri Roadstone Sendirian Berhad / Nurul Shafikah Hussien. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that influnce job turnover intention within hotel industry in Melaka / Isamuddin Ibrahim Shak. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on financial impacts of labour turnover in International Trade Department In Scope International (M) Sdn Bhd / Mohd Fahmi Izzuddin Ishak. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors that would affect employee turnover at Encorp Berhad / Nashua Ishar. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Study on factors that affect employee retentions and turnovers in Vista Point Technologies (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. / Mohamad Solehuddin Shah Ismail. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing employee's intention to stay in Petronas Chemicals Group Berhad (PCGB) / Hidayu Jamil. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that affect employee’s intention to stay at Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad (SAMB) / Nur Farahin Jantan. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on employee retention in Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad and Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad / Noor Idayu Jasmee and Siti Athirah Shahadat. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The effectiveness of compensation structures in reducing turnover among employees at NXP Semiconductor Sdn. Bhd. / Juita Razinoor Johar. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
To study the turnover problem in Smart Glove Corporation Sdn Bhd / Siti Salwa Jumari. (2008) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Effectiveness of retention program towards employee’s turnover rate at Stats ChipPac Malaysia / Norsalmiah Kamaruddin. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The factor that influences employees job satisfaction: an examination of employees at Permodalan Nasional Berhad, Kuala Lumpur / Kamaruleliayana Kamarudin. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors affecting employee retention at Pulai Springs Resort / Afifah Nabilah Kamaruzaman. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The factors of intention to leave the organization among the employees at SIRIM Berhad / Noorizma Kasim. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that affect employee retention in Wisma Felcra Berhad / Nur E’zzati Aqila Khair. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between HR practices and employee turnover intention / Nurul Syazreen Khairudin. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that contribute to the decreasing of employees’ turnover intention in the Panasonic Energy Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kulim Kedah / Ku Nur Sahira Ku Ishak ...[et al.]. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Employees retention among the workers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor / Nik Sarah Hajar Mahmod. (2020) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among support staff in banking institution in Temerloh, Pahang / Azzurita Marzuki, Nurul Syazwani Shaari and Wan Maisarah Wan Nasir. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention among employees in a plastic manufacturing company (Guppy Plastics Industries Sdn. Bhd.) / Siti Nur Salbiah Mat Anuwar and Nor Syazwanie Jamahari. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors that contribute to the level of employee turnover at Shapadu Energy and Engineering Sdn Bhd (Teluk Kalong Yard) / Nor Amalina Mat Hussain. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinants of employee retention in KPJ Klang Specialist Hospital / Sazila Mat Sarif. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that contribute to turnover intention among non-executive level employees at Malaysia Airport Niaga, Sepang / Amira Nur Md Isa. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The influence of HRM practices on turnover among employees / Siti Najlaa Moh @ Mohd Sulaiman. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between human resources management (HRM) practices and turnover intention among support staff in Land and Survey Sarawak, Samarahan Division / Nur Aqlima Mohamad. (2017) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influence employees turnover intentions at Hitachi Chemical (Johor) Sdn. Bhd. / Nur Faridah Mohamad. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors affecting intention to quit among employees at Terengganu Equestrian Resort / Nur Syazwani Mohamad. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinants affecting employees’ satisfaction in ELID Sdn Bhd / Nur Sari Syakirin Mohd Amran. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors contributing job turnover at Renaissance Hotel Melaka / Nur Syamimi Mohd Bistamam. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factor influences employee turnover toward SKALI WEB SERVICES / Mohd Hidzir Mohd Hairani. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that influence job satisfaction among employees at Petronas Gas Berhad / Adida Salwa Mohd Jamaludin. (2007) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors that influence organizational commitment of Generation Y in Matrix Concepts Holding Berhad / Mohd Syamil Mohd Nor and Nurul Nasirah No’man. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factors affecting employee engagement in construction industry: a case of Visi Nusajaya Sdn Bhd / Rahiyma Mohd Rapi. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that lead towards job satisfaction level among employees at Visi Nusajaya Sdn Bhd Petaling Jaya, Selangor / Noraida Mohd Yusof. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing the employee retention in Petrochemicals (M) Sdn Bhd / Siti Nurhazwani Mohd Zaini. (2012) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between organizational supports and employees’ retention at Takaful Ikhlas Sdn Bhd / Cahaya Sabarina Muajam and Nur Amalina Hussin. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on factor which affect employee’s retention at Naza Kia Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. / Nursazlina Akmal Muhamad Ali. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study of relationship between organisational commitment, pay satisfaction and turnover intention among employees of UEM Sunrise Berhad / Iskandar Zulkarnaen Muhamad Amin and Norfiza Emilya Mohamed Feisal. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors affecting employee loyalty among teachers at the private schools in Batu Pahat, Johor / Norismadatul Iqma Muhamad Zameri. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The determinants of employee turnover: factors influencing employees intention to leave among expatriate in Scope International (M) Sdn Bhd / Asrulsani Muhammad Rais. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between job burnout and turnover intention in Samarahan District Council / Ahmad Fuad Musa and Phyllis Awing Thompson. (2014) [Student Project] (Submitted)
A study on the assessing the role of employees’ engagement on employees’ productivity at Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN) Negeri Sembilan / Nur Syarafina Noor Azland. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Turnover intention among Gen Y employees at 8 Avenue Business Centre, Seksyen 8 / Nor Shazleen Nor Azim. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The effects of external factor, work-related factor and personal factor towards the turnover behavior among private sector employees in Muar district / Siti Nur Izzaty Norizan. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and turnover intention among support staff in Land and Survey Sarawak, Samarahan Division / Puteri Nurul Amira Omar. (2017) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors influencing turnover intention of employees at Gloco Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. / Nurmazidah Onn. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Job turnover among workers in giant hypermarket Plentong / Rozana Othman. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Job satisfaction among employees in Giant Hypermarket Plentong Johor Bahru / Hud Paiman. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The relationship between stress and employee’s turnover intention at Orang Kampung Group, Serkam Melaka / Muhammad Sazrin Ramlan. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A case study on identify the major problem of high turnover in direct labor at on semiconductor Seremban / Irna Zafirah Rohanuddin. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Employees’ loyalty towards Research International (M) Sdn. Bhd. / Fadhli Roslan. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors that influence the employee retention in Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan and Majlis Agama Islam Melaka / Nur Hidayah Roslan. (2013) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factor affecting employee turnover intention in the hotel industry at Sungai Petani, Kedah / Muhammad Azman Rosli and Falah Imran Harun. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Turnover intention among Lebuhraya Shapadu Sdn. Bhd. workers / Noor Suziana Saharudin. (2009) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on employee retention at Fuji Electric (M) Sdn. Bhd., Kulim Hi Tech Park / Syaridah Nazirah Saidin. (2011) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors contribute the turnover intention: a case study on semiconductor company based in Melaka / Suatika Samat. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Tolerances of origin diversity and staffs turnover intention in Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Lahad Datu / Ilham Zabani Samsul and Fahmiera Abdul Fatah. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on RHB group of human resource: the effect of organizational commitments on employees’ turnover intention / Nur Hafizati Zakiah Sanupin. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factors affecting turnover intention in Tirai Selera Sdn Bhd / Nurfatihah Sazali and Siti Aishah Bakri. (2016) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Relationship between motivation factor with employee retention in Johor Port Authority / Ainur Syafieqa Sudirman. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention among nurses at KPJ Johor Specialist Hospital / Hisyamuddin Sulaiman and Nur Syafeeka Zainudin. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinants of employee retention at IME Group of Companies / Amiradilah Suparman. (2015) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A study on the factors of employee’s absenteeism / Sharifah Najwa Syed Abu Bakar. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
A case study on the high employee turnover rate of MPH bookstores at mid Valley Megamall / Syarifah ‘Atikah Wafa Syed Mohd. Ghazali Wafa. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Servicecapes importance and its impact towards employees’ satisfaction at Alam Maritim (M) Sdn. Bhd. / Mohd Insan Tokshim. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
The factors influence employees retention at Johor Corporation / Suriana Yahya. (2010) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Organizational factors that influence employees’ loyalty in fast food restaurant: a study in McDonald’s Alor Setar / Nursuziera Zakaria and Syazwani Abd Halim. (2018) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Factor influencing employee turnover intention at Megah Transport Sdn Bhd, Ipoh Perak / Fatima Athirah Zakri. (2019) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Determinants of employee turnover intention in Samsung Corning Precision Materials (M) Sdn. Bhd. / Nurliyana Annisa Zulkifli. (2014) [Student Project] (Unpublished)
Research Reports
Factors that influence turnover among employees: a survey at The Pearl Kuala Lumpur / Nurul Hafizah Hussin. (2022) [Research Reports] (Submitted)
Organizational ethical self-identity precautionary model / Norazamina Mohamed ... [et al.]. (2018) [Research Reports] (Submitted)