Two-dimensional aerodynamic analysis of multiple-elements airfoils using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software

Multiple-element airfoils consist of two or more airfoil sections positioned closely together, and they are commonly used to enhance lift during takeoff and landing. These configurations can be found in aircraft wings and wind turbines because of their ability to generate greater lift and improve aerodynamic performance. However, optimizing their arrangement can be challenging, as suboptimal configurations may lead to increased drag. This study examines three multiple-airfoil configurations: (A) NACA 2412–NACA 0012, (B) NACA 2412–NACA 2415, and (C) NACA 2412–Clark Y. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model at a Reynolds number (Re) of 1.34 × 10⁶ and a velocity (V) of 20 m/s.