Design and development of high flexion total knee replacement (TKR) using finite element analysis (FEA) / Iffa Mohd Arrif

The human knee is a heavily loaded joint that must support the body's weight to do active daily movements. Total knee replacement (TKR) is a surgical procedure replacing the knee joint with artificial material to restore the functionality of the knee joint. According to the 2019 Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey, 30.4% were overweight, and 19.7% were obese, which increased the demand for TKR in Malaysia. Every country has experienced an upsurge in TKR surgeries in the past few years, and this is predicted to rise, with 3.48 million TKR procedures performed by 2030. Nevertheless, the problem emerges after surgery when patients cannot do daily activities such as squatting, kneeling, and sitting-on-feet because they cannot flex beyond certain angles when performing these tasks. The study aims to determine the high flexion TKR design, construct finite element analysis on the assembly of TKR, and compare the finite element analysis results with the experimental compression testing. The design selection process was introduced, and design modifications were carried out by designing three different surfaces on the tibial insert.