The development of muffins using apple flour and quinoa flour as alternative baking ingredients

Overweight as well as obesity could be defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulations that may endanger health (World Health Organization, n.d.). National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019 reported that one in every two persons in Malaysia is overweight or obese, with females (54.7%), Indian ethnicity (63.9%), and those aged 55 to 59 years old (60.9%) having the highest rates (National Institutes of Health (NIH), 2020). Bakery products have particular downsides due to their high content of simple sugars with rapid absorption, high fat content, and low level of dietary fibre, making them high calorie foods (Peris et al., 2019). Purpose: In this research, we aimed to improve the nutritional value and overall acceptability of the muffins using the blend of apple and quinoa flour and see whether it is suitable for health-conscious consumers.