Dynamic process safety assessment by mapping ALOHA simulation into Bow-tie analysis: application to separator (S-102) in production of methanol route 2 / Nurul Azreen Aziz

The increasing use and distribution of chemicals are causing serious chemical accidents such as fires, explosions, and leaks during manufacturing and handling. Regarding the reports on the accident investigation from 1959 to 2005, an accident starts with loss of containment of hazardous substance resulting in fire, explosion, or vapor cloud explosion. The study's goals are to analyze the safety hazard and risks posed during the preliminary design stage and to propose an appropriate risk mitigation strategy for reducing the identified hazard and measured risk using Basic Over Web Tactical Imagery (BOWTIE) analysis and Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) software. In this study, the BOWTIE analysis method and the ALOHA software are combined to improve the present safety assessment methods and their application to the design and design of chemical processes. This is due to existing methods having limitations, such as unable to predict the threat zone and the inability to predict the risk assessment. BOWTIE analysis is incapable to predict the clear consequences of the threat zone and is unable to predict visually. However, using ALOHA software may estimate the threat zone's distance to visualize the damage range of the hazard consequences. ALOHA is needed to overview the accident possibilities that may occur in that location. There are three hazardous chemical releases, namely methanol, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen have been studied by looking at the distances of threat zone for Production of Methanol Route 2 in Separator (S-102). After analysis, the worst chemical release is Carbon Monoxide which consists of the biggest threat zone and contains only two threat zones, i.e. red and orange threat zones. As the result, this study was carried out to enhance and combine ALOHA software and BOWTIE analysis in order to create a more comprehensive assessment towards hazard and risk consequences and also cover a research gap by developing an integration method. Researchers may be able to predict the potential consequences of hazards and risks if BOW-TIE analysis and ALOHA software are used more accurately.