A brief history of lean / Azyyati Anuar ... [et al.]

Lean has gone through the course of advancement in three distinctive stages; scientific management, engagement and integration. In the era of scientific management (1890-1940) which was in the time of proficiency and usefulness, Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Ford and others figured out how to start division of work, improved on work and normalized industrialized strategies (Bell and Orzen, 2011). In the era of engagement (1940-1995) after World War II, Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo and others in Japan accepted the thoughts of value and constant improvement and established the Toyota Production System (TPS) after visited the Ford plant at River Rouge that considered the most progressive automotive manufacturing framework in the sphere (Swink, Melynk, Cooper, and Hartley, 2014). Then TPS moves ahead to make a great improvement by adopting lean production (Aguado, Alvarez, & Domingo, 2013).