Understanding the role of external and internal factors in shaping cultural values: a conceptual analysis

Cultural values play a fundamental role in shaping individual behaviours, societal norms, and economic development. Understanding the factors that influence cultural values is essential for fostering social cohesion and sustainable development. This study aims to explore the key factors that shape cultural values based on an extensive review of existing literature. Using a qualitative approach, this study relies on secondary data collected from academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. A narrative analysis was conducted to interpret and synthesize key themes from previous research. The findings reveal that multiple factors contribute to the formation and evolution of cultural values including social and historical context, economic development, education and knowledge dissemination, globalization, religion and belief systems, family and social environment and technological advancements. Additionally, political frameworks and media play a crucial role in shaping and transmitting cultural norms. The study also highlights the dynamic nature of cultural values, as they evolve in response to external influences and societal transformations. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence cultural values and suggests implications for policymakers, educators, and organizations. Future research is recommended to explore empirical case studies and develop strategies for preserving and adapting cultural values in a rapidly changing world.