Impacts of cost overruns during post-covid-19 infrastructure projects

The research explores the elements that contribute to cost overruns in infrastructure projects in detail, focusing on Penang, Malaysia. The research aims to examine the factors and impacts that have led to cost overruns in infrastructure projects following the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern regions such as Penang. Utilizing quantitative surveys as the research methodology to ensure a comprehensive investigation of the research issue. Cronbach's Alpha was used to confirm the survey instruments' reliability and internal consistency. Its objectives are to determine the factors of cost overrun during post-Covid-19 for infrastructure projects and to investigate the impacts of cost overruns during post-Covid-19 for infrastructure projects. The research shows that several factors, such as project scale, economic shifts, and the effectiveness of risk management efforts, can lead to cost overruns. It highlights the importance of enhancing communication among stakeholders, implementing proactive risk reduction measures, and improving project management methods. Recommendations for future research include exploring additional factors, conducting international comparisons, and investigating the impact of new technologies on infrastructure project management. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into cost overrun factors, practical advice for stakeholders, and sets the stage for further exploration in this field.