Antimicrobial activity of propolis of heterotrigona itama and geniotrigona thoracica against salmonella typhi

Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees. These materials have many function and use by the bees to construct and maintain their hives. There were many reports have been scientifically proven based on their antimicrobial properties of propolis. Propolis was taken from two species of stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama and Geniotrigona thoracica. The propolis were taken from the sealant of H. itama (HIS), from the pots of H. itama (HIP), from the sealant of G. thoracica (GTS) and from pots of G. thoracica (GTP) inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhi. The antimicrobial activity of propolis was determined by using agar well diffusion test against S. typhi (ATCC 14028). Propolis taken from the sealant of beehive is more effective than pots in term of inhibition of S.typhi. G. thoracica inhibit S. typhi more effective compared to H. itama. The best concentration of propolis that can inhibit the growth of S. typhi is 32 mg/ml for both species. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method. The total phenolic content in propolis is approximately 0.1 mg GAE/1 mg.