Investigation on perceptual and robustness of LSB digital watermarking scheme on halal logo authentication: article / Mohd Izwan Md Kahmi

In Malaysia, Halal Certificate can only be issued by Jakim. For the time being, there is no specific method to verify authentication of Halal Certificate displayed at food or service premises. Watermarking technique however, offered a solution for authenticity of the data and copyright protection. In this paper, an investigation on perceptual and robustness of least significant bit (LSB) digital watermarking scheme on Halal Logo authentication is implemented using MATLAB software. LSB digital watermarking scheme allows pixel value modification by dividing its entire bit leaving most significant bit (contains most information) and least significant bit (contains less information). These small modifications offer a high perceptual transparency to the watermarked image. A Quick response (QR) code with message is generated as an embedded watermark image for Halal Logo. The watermarked image quality is measured based on Peak signal-to-noise (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NC). The investigation shows the scheme provided high PSNR performance which is between 12-22 dB with Gaussian noise added. The scheme successfully shows the ability to retrieve the embed watermark even though the cover image visual quality is degraded with 50 % Gaussian noise variance. The reliability of the scheme is proven when it successfully to produce an acceptable 0.8442 NC value. The observation on perceptibility shows 51 dB of PSNR with 0.4714 MSE.