Enhancing heat transmission with ternary nanofluid in mixed convection flow under the impact of convective heat flux / Naqiah Yunus ... [et al.]

Heat transfer remains a major issue in the automotive, renewable energies, electronic cooling, refrigeration, and thermal storage industries. To enhance heat transfer, ternary nanofluid, a novel type of nanofluid, is explored. The current study examines a two-dimensional and steady mixed convection flow of a ternary nanofluid over an elongated sheet. In light of the variety of applications it has, the investigation of titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silica oxide (SiO2) based in water with convective boundary conditions is becoming increasingly prevalent in innovation and research. The partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations, and numerical solutions are obtained using the bvp4c solver. The paper offers discussions and graphical depictions of temperature and velocity profiles across important variables, including mixed convection parameters and Biot numbers. When compared to hybrid nanofluids, the ternary nanofluid has a bigger influence on the efficiency of heat transmission. The significance of SiO2 nanoparticles despite having the least thermal conductivity is because of its stability and chemical inertness, meanwhile TiO2 is a smaller size particle which helps to reduce agglomeration rate thus increased thermal conductivity augmentation. Al2O3 is extensively utilized in commonplace items including cooling systems, solar collectors, and lubricants. Its vast range of uses has lately caught the attention of material science specialists.