Assessing rainfall trends and variability in a climate change / Muhammad Fahmi Muhammad Iskandar … [et al]

Muhammad Iskandar, Muhammad Fahmi and Ibrahim, Anas and Mohtar, Zul Azmi and Pakir Mohamed Latif, Muhammad Faizal and E.M Yahaya, Nasehir Khan (2025) Assessing rainfall trends and variability in a climate change / Muhammad Fahmi Muhammad Iskandar … [et al]. ESTEEM Academic Journal, 21. pp. 91-105. ISSN 2289-4934

Abstract

Southeast Asia, home to a population of 691.97 million people, faces significant challenges related to rainfall patterns. This study critically reviews 40 articles to explore the intricate rainfall patterns across 11 Southeast Asian countries, examining seasonal variations, impacts, influencing factors, and mitigation strategies. The objective is to develop a comprehensive understanding of rainfall dynamics in the region, particularly its influence on the region’s ecosystem and livelihoods. The analysis reveals distinct seasonal periods, with June to September marking the peak rainfall period due to the summer monsoon season, while November to April signifies the onset of dry seasons in several countries. Rainfall impact range plays a crucial role in the economies of nations, particularly in the agricultural sector, where it serves as a vital source of sustenance. However, it also poses risks, including flooding, landslides, and drought. The study emphasizes the significant role of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in influencing rainfall variability across Southeast Asia, with El Niño events often associated with drier conditions and La Niña events with wetter conditions. To mitigate these challenges, Southeast Asian nations have implemented various strategies, including infrastructure development, community-based initiatives, and awareness campaigns. Further research is needed to explore specific factors influencing rainfall in each country, develop more accurate forecasting models, investigate innovative mitigation strategies, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing measures.

Metadata

Item Type: Article
Creators:
Creators
Email / ID Num.
Muhammad Iskandar, Muhammad Fahmi
UNSPECIFIED
Ibrahim, Anas
ceanas@uitm.edu.my
Mohtar, Zul Azmi
UNSPECIFIED
Pakir Mohamed Latif, Muhammad Faizal
UNSPECIFIED
E.M Yahaya, Nasehir Khan
UNSPECIFIED
Contributors:
Contribution
Name
Email / ID Num.
Chief Editor
Damanhuri, Nor Salwa
UNSPECIFIED
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering. Civil engineering > Environmental engineering
Divisions: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pulau Pinang > Permatang Pauh Campus
Journal or Publication Title: ESTEEM Academic Journal
UiTM Journal Collections: Listed > ESTEEM Academic Journal (EAJ)
ISSN: 2289-4934
Volume: 21
Page Range: pp. 91-105
Keywords: Southeast Asia, Rainfall, Monsoon, ENSO, Flooding, Seasonal
Date: March 2025
URI: https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/112685
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