Halalan ṭoyyiban poultry feed: Islamic perspective / Amalina Mohd Ashraf

Muslims are obligated to consume food that are Halalan toyyiban. Therefore, there is a need for Muslims to ensure that the food does not come from al-jalldlah animals that feed on najs, as well as food not containing any dangerous contaminants. Besides, since there is no specific guideline for Halalan toyyiban poultry feed, poultry growers are unaware if the feed given to the poultry are halal and clean. In this light, few cases has arisen in poultry feed industry whether it is halal and safe for poultry consumption which eventually affect human diet. Currently, there is lack of study done to relate and connect between these issues and the Islamic law involved. Based on these situations, this study determined the Halalan toyyiban status of processed poultry feed based on the Shariah perspective. In so doing, the halal and hazards issues involved in poultry feed industry were studied. Then, the issues were analysed from the perspective of the Shariah law and finally the status of Halalan toyyiban of processed poultry feed in current poultry feed industry was determined. This research adopted armchair approach which combined the application of the philosophical method and in-depth library research. The outcome of this study shows that the issues concerned regarding biohazards in poultry feed are the issues of; a) uncontrolled usage of antibiotics and b) GM feed in corn, soybean and rice. Meanwhile, issues in chemical hazards in poultry feed are associated with; a) mycotoxin contamination that will be accumulated in animal fat or tissue; b) residues of dioxin, heavy metals and pesticides; c) accumulation of antibiotics in poultry fat, tissues, organs and eggs. Physical hazard has not been discussed in-depth in this study since it has no direct impact towards human food. The final issues come from the enzymes and soybean crops derived from najs which questioned the halal integrity of poultry meat and eggs. Next, the issues highlighted above were linked with Shariah. Clearly, poultry feed industry is associated with mafsadah, which contradicts with the approach of maqdsid al-shari ah (objectives of Shariah) and disapprove the preservation of al-kulliyydt al-khams (the five things). Unnecessary excess use of antibiotics without proper management causes it to fall into haram as in long term effect, it brings mafsadah towards human being. 'Necessity is determined by the extent thereof to the effect that its use in poultry must be controlled, restricted, and well regulated by the relevant authority. As 'eliminating harm is more dominant than taking the benefits', GMF feed is seen to be unnecessary as it has potential toxicity and allergenicity towards human. As 'the lawful and the prohibited associated in the same place', the law regarding the use of swine rDNA falls into haram meat and eggs, unless the process of istihdlah is taking place. The application of istihdlah and istibrd , which is to quarantine al-jalldlah poultry for three days, at certain circumstances appears to achieve Halalan toyyiban poultry produces. Based from the review of literature and in-depth analysis, it can be deduced that idea of Halalan toyyiban poultry feed adheres to the maqdsid al-shari ah regarding protecting one's religion, life and lineage. Laboratory research to detect swine DNA in poultry meat and eggs after istihdlah is suggested to be done in order to prove the Islamic regulation. It further recommends that the safety, quality, cleanliness, and the ingredients used in the production of animal feed must be regulated to ensure that poultry meat and its produce meet the s