Laboratory verification of critical mixing point method for conservative and nonconservative pollutants / Hashim Ali

Ammonia nitrogen ( NH 4 + -N ) ,one of the constituents in the effluents from palm oil is studied in relation to its mixing capability. Laboratory verification in neutral pH will ascertain the critical distance from outfall and other relevant parameters . This project presents a steady state mathematical modelling technique to predict far field concentration distribution of pollutant in mixing zone in a uniform cross-sectional channel. The models are based on the stream tube concept developed by Yotsukura and Sayrc. and arc modified by Oowda to account for the reach dependency of poluttant decay rate , tranverse diffusion factor and channel hydraulic parameters. A family of curves is developed for a range of dimcnsionless coordinates of the critical point An expression for allowable effluent concentration of a poluttant is obtained in terms of critical concentration and water quality criterion. The application of the methodology is outlined in step-by-step design procedure and illustrated by an example for ammonia nitrogen from a particular shallow stream located in Kapar Selangor, which has been receiving effluent discharge from a palm oil mill. In general the models presented in this project are applicable to conservative and nonconservative pollutants. The values of critical concentration and critical distance will be determine from the mathematical method. Ammonia concentration experiments have been conducted in The Civil Engineering Laboratory by using a uniform cross-sectional channel.Water sample are taken had been analysed by using Ihdophenol Blue Colour Method.