Exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention amongst pilot public vocational high school students: social support as moderating / Darma Rika Swaramarinda

The purpose of this present study was to determine the relationship of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) with entrepreneurial intention (EI) amongst pilot public vocational high school (PPVHS) students. Also, it examined the relationship between ESE and EI amongst PPVHS moderated by social support (SS). There were six gaps, namely: the population gap, inconsistency evidence gap, methodological gap, theoretical gap, few studies on the relationship between ESE and EI moderating by SS and its’ scale development. This study used mixed methods explanatory sequential design. It had Modified Delphi Technique with seven panelists, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a pilot study to 100 students, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in the field study. The quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics and qualitative data analysis used thematic analysis to answer the research questions (RQ) 1 to 3, correlation analysis to answer the RQ 4 and proved all alternate hypotheses 1, then multi-group analysis to answer RQ 5 and proved hypothesis 2 because it used a moderator construct. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The qualitative data was analyzed using NVivo. The population was students’ classes 11 and 12 of 23 PPVHS for entrepreneurship school program development in Jakarta and used multi-stage sampling. The first phase, quantitative consisted of 391 students answered the EntIQ, ESEQ, and SoSQ. The second phase, qualitative, twelve students participated in the semi-structured interview and FGD. The seven key findings (KF) including KF 1 found out the moderate level of EI, KF 2 found out to the moderate level of ESE, KF 3 found out the moderate level of SS, KF 4 relates to the relationship between ESE and EI and its sub-constructs in the model was statistically significant, KF 5 relates to SS moderates the relationship between ESE and EI in the model were statistically significant, KF 6 relates to themes that relevant to constructs, and KF 7 relates to obstacles and suggestions to enhance the constructs. Theoretical/statistical significances including the new theoretical framework and scale development; a broader analysis of sub-constructs to the field and literature, and the study's findings will lead to a new understanding of the relationship between ESE and EI, with SS as a moderating construct. Practical significances including the ABCD-Entrepreneurship Development Path as the study's findings can be used by the research setting to take further actions to improve students' EI, and find a solution for low EI, ESE, and SS.