Investigation on spin speed of tin oxide (SnO2) thin film via spin coating technique for solar application / Nur Elisa Azmi

This thesis investigates the relationship between thickness, resistivity, conductivity and the surface roughness of Tin Oxide (SnCh) by using sol-gel spin coating technique. Sn02 thin film were deposited onto glass substrates via sol-gel spin coating technique with different spin speed. The thin films were annealed at 450°C for 2 hours and the effects of the different spin speed on physical, optical, and electrical properties were investigated by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Surface Profiler (SP) and I-V measurement. The XRD has investigated on the crystallinity of the thin film and the AFM and FESEM shows the variations in the grain size and the roughness of the films as the spin speed was increased. Also, the Surface Profiler (SP) characterization showed the different thickness of the thin films for every different spin speed and the readings for current and voltage of the thin films obtained through I-V measurement. The findings showed that the faster spin speed lead to higher resistivity and lower the conductivity. The different grain size and surface morphologies of the thin films obtained with the different spin speed. This thesis has concluded that, Sn02 thin films has a smoother surface, increased value of thickness, and also led to a higher value of resistivity and lower the conductivity as the value of the spin speed increased.