Dendrocalamus asper as activated carbon for ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption for wastewater treatment / Nur Shafiqah Samsudin

Bamboo biochar is a potential material used in wastewater flocculation as well as coagulation. Carbonization and biochar modification using a furnace was used to create bamboo activated carbon, which was subsequently converted by chemical activation. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the optimum effect of mass sample dosage of Dendrocalamus asper activated carbon on removal efficiency and adsorption in capacity, Qe (mg/g) of ammoniacal nitrogen as well as to characterize Dendrocalamus asper activated carbon surface functional group using FTIR. The bamboo had been divided into upper and lower nodes, then impregnated with potassium hydroxide 5:1 ratio and oven-dried at 100°C overnight. carbonized at 500°C for 2 hours in a furnace. Then, carbonized at 500°C for 2 hours in a furnace. The results of the ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption capacity revealed that the best contact time for the batch experiment in this study is 143 minutes after 300 minutes of agitation. Mass dosages of 0.005 g, 0.01 g, and 0.05 g were studied. The adsorption capacity of treated biochar decreased with increasing dosage, causing aggregation and reduced absorbed area. Low biochar dosage led to larger particle distances, allowing more ammonium ion aggregation and effective ion exchange. Increased biochar dosage allowed more adsorption sites, potentially increasing removal efficiency and ion exchange sites. High adsorbent concentration protected the perimeter, lowering adsorption capacity. Therefore, the treated biochar dosage of 0.0082 g was determined for the experiment as well the untreated biochar dosage of 0.0082 g was determined in this study. In addition, the FTIR spectrum characterization of bamboo biochar before and after treatment that the impact the
surface of functional groups after treated. The FTIR spectrum of biochar-ammoniacal nitrogen shows weak broad adsorption peaks at 1370.12 cm-1 and 1558.67 cm-1 for upper treatment, indicating stretching of O-H alcohols and aromatic rings. A strong peak at 958.27 cm-1 may indicate the presence of C=Calkene. A weak broad, intense adsorption peak at 705.20 cm1 indicates the bending of the alkene group. The medium bend within the region of 1444.55 cm-1 aromatic ring for lower treatment is due to C-H bent adsorption. The best mass dosage for this study is at 0.0082 g where the percentage removal for treated is at 92.2% meanwhile untreated is at 89.32%. Besides, the adsorption capacity for treated and untreated are the same; 450 mg/g.