Preservation of cultural heritage: a comparison study of 3D modeling between laser scanning, depth image and photogrammetry methods / Mohamad Haziq Ahmad Yusri

Preservation of historic structures is of paramount importance to avoid the loss of Malaysia's architectural heritage. This study proposes a multi-technique approach for capturing and documenting historical legacy, focusing on the creation of three-dimensional (3D) model representations of physical artefacts and the utilization of orthographic projection to document design. The study employs three primary techniques, namely laser, depth imaging, and photogrammetry, to create a three-dimensional object, followed by a comparative evaluation of their effectiveness. To evaluate the techniques, a case study is conducted, utilizing a 25cm scale model of the historical Portuguese Indian Armada ship "Flor de la Mar" as a sample for 3D model record development. The outcomes indicate that photogrammetry is the most effective technique in terms of accuracy, precision, and visualization, while laser scanning and depth imaging produce less precise point cloud data. The photogrammetry method attains 97.6% accuracy in terms of dimensions and shapes. Based on the results, this promising technology can be employed to document data blueprints for the actual measurements of classic ships.