Synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil using musa spp. peel as catalyst: a review / Fathin Fatihah Mohamad Sazali

To reduce waste and promote the production of biodiesel, a lot of research had been carried out to convert the banana peel waste into a useful heterogeneous catalyst inducing the synthesis of palm oil into renewable biofuels. This review paper comprised of comparing analyses from different journals relating to the activity of banana peels as a catalyst and the synthesis of biodiesel. This paper also aims to determine the percentage yield of biodiesel produced at different transesterification parameters. The optimization of transesterification activity parameters which are catalyst loading, reaction time, the molar ratio of oil and methanol, and temperature do affect the percentage yield of biodiesel. The calcined banana ash was found to be rich in minerals that affect the catalytic activity producing higher and better quality of biodiesel yield meaning that it was effective to be utilized as a catalyst. The catalyst produced also showed that different species of banana from multiple sources can produce a percentage yield of biodiesel of more than 94% with different approaches to transesterification parameters. A report studies showed that waste cooking oil conversion into biodiesel using calcined banana peel ash (CBPA) produces a 100% yield of biodiesel. Hence, this review paper evaluates and uses different viewpoints regarding the research on the synthesis of biodiesel from palm oil by using banana peel catalyst which is driven to develop better renewable energy.