A quick note on bird diversity and abundance-relating factors / Ikhwan Hakim Abdul Razak and Nur Amalina Mohd Izam

Birds are warm-blooded, beaked vertebrates belonging to the class Aves. Feathers distinguish birds from all other animal species. Birds have a four-chambered heart (like mammals), modified forelimbs that serve as wings, sharp vision, and calcium-rich eggshells. Their olfactory capabilities are not highly developed. Birds are found almost everywhere in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The availability of key resources such as food, water, vegetation cover, and weather conditions all play a role in determining the spatial distribution of bird species, as well as the success of their breeding and their ability to survive (Adhikari et. al., 2019). The changing of the seasons is one of the most important factors that have a significant impact on the diversity of birds and the availability of key resources (Katuwal et. al., 2016). A variety of land uses, such as forests, shrubs, grasslands, wetlands, agricultural land, and urban areas, all influence bird population density and diversity by providing foraging opportunities and nesting sites for a variety of bird species (Hu et. al., 2017). It is essential for planning and developing species conservation strategies to possess a comprehensive understanding of the factors that affect bird abundance and distribution at spatial and temporal changes.