The physical environment for cycling participation causality model development in Malaysian residential neighbourhood / Mohd Zahid Mohd Salleh

Malaysia is accelerating progressively to achieve a neutral carbon country by 2050, including cycling promotion; The provision of cycling infrastructure and bikeway design in Malaysians residential neighbourhood being progressively implemented to realise the aspiration, However, citizen acceptance on cycling is stilled discouraging due to unsuited of their needs and preference consideration on cycling spaces provided. Therefore, the study aims to develop Malaysian cycling participation causality model interfaced by the perceived physical environment. The study evaluates the understanding of the causal effect of physical environmental perception (Hl), route choice preference (H2) and travel satisfaction (H3) on bike-built environment towards cycling participation (H4). Also, it is underpinned by an Ecological Model of Active Living (EMAL) and the Theory of Routine Mode Choice Decision (TRMCD). The study has applied an online survey by using a Google Form. A total of 242 respondents (Elmina Gardens and Denai Alam Residents' Association) were participated in the online survey from August to October 2018. Eventually,. a gathered data has analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 and Smart PLS 3.2.6 to determine the statistically significant evidence by bootstrapping procedure with a resample of 5000. The study has found a signi.ficant positive relationship among all variables. Consequently; the bikeway design need to be initiated with the physical environmental perception, travel satisfaction and route choice preference were recognised for designing Malaysians residential bikeway. The process scrutinises with a total of 19 sub-criteria.in overall. Eventually, it is hoped.that the criteria are useful for Malaysia Landscape Architect, Planner, Urban designer, Developer and Local Authority in designing Malaysian residential bikeway comprehensively. The aspiration of a neutral carbon country can be realised by promoting . greener network space (conducive bikeway design) towards shifting the attitude of citizen from regressive motorised vehicular used into active mobility specifically in the residential area.