Knee dynamic analysis based on 2D-to-3D registration of fluoroscopic and angiographic images / Amir Hossein Saveh ... [et al.]

This paper introduces a method to measure the kinematics of the knee using
fluoroscopic imaging. The method involves two stages. In the first, the knee joint
is recorded during normal gait by fluoroscopy using a mobile C-arm and an
angiographic imaging system. The images then were processed to calculate the
two-dimensional (2D) kinematics of the joint during the different phases of the gait cycle. This was then used to calculate three-dimensional (3D) kinematics
of the joint. In parallel the reaction force on the knee joint was calculated using
gait lab analysis. In the second stage, the 3D finite element model of the knee
was created using computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) data. The model was then used to analyse the joint contact loads
during the gait cycle based on the input data obtained from the kinematic and
reaction force data from stage one. This allowed the analysis of the mechanical
behaviour of the knee and thus the stress distribution on the medial and lateral
compartments of the knee.