Examining the effectiveness of the implementation of drug treatment and rehabilitation programme through relapse cases: a case study on cure & care 1Malaysia (C&C1M) clinics / Siti Zulaikha Mustapha

Drag treatment and rehabilitation programmes are one of the strategies of the government to combat drug addiction problems particularly in Malaysia. The fast changing trend of addiction in terms of multidrug user, various evidence-based treatment, and rehabilitation implemented in drag treatment center has raised the issues of the effectiveness of the programmes. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of drug treatment and rehabilitation programme from the perspective of receivers and providers. This study was guided by four research objectives focusing on the relapse cases, issues and challenges, the outcome of effectiveness based on receiver and provider perspective as well as the development of Symmetrical and Flexible Framework to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of drug treatment and rehabilitation programmes in Malaysia. The study has adopted a case study design by using multiple embedded case study by employing a qualitative approach. Four cases were chosen namely Cure & Care 1 Malaysia Clinic Sungai Besi, Kota Bhara, Bukit Mertajam and Tampin. In-depth interviews using semi-structured questions were conducted on 37 participants who were selected based on the criteria of the study. Observations were also conducted to support the findings of the study. Thematic analysis was utilised and the data were managed by using NVivo version 12 software. The findings show that the drug treatment and rehabilitation programmes in C&C1M clinics were effective during the period of treatment and relapse cases through relapse prevention has underpinned the effectiveness with four key themes comprising of individual changes, knowledge and life skills learned, staff reception, as well as client acceptance. On the part of the providers, the findings demonstrate six key themes on the issues and challenges - variety of client background, readiness to transform, leadership style, transformation capability, and module implementation. Both the receivers and providers perspectives agreed that the outcome of the effectiveness of the implementation of the programme is reactive and short-term. Lastly, this study developed a Symmetrical and Flexible Framework. In conclusion, the government through its ministry, agency, and treatment as well as rehabilitation centre had implemented many programmes to reduce drag relapse, new drag addiction, and social problems through the initiative of C&C1M clinics. Therefore, evaluation and monitoring process should be undertaken by the providers to ensure that the effort is worthy in dealing with unsolved problems of drag addiction in Malaysia.