Phytochemistry of macaranga hosei (euphorbiaceae) and myrmecodia tuberosa (rubiaceae) / Saidi Rasemi

Phytochemical studies on Macaranga hosei and Myrmecodia tuberosa were conducted with the aim of isolating bioactive compounds. This study also aims to determine anti-microbial and antioxidant properties of the crude extracts and some isolated pure compounds for Macaranga hosei and as well as to identify antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer and total phenolic contents of Myrmecodia tuberosa. The phytochemical study was carried out using various chromatographic methods, included thin layer chromatography (TLC), preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), column chromatography, sephedex LH-20 and radial chromatography while the crude extracts and isolated pure compounds were also assayed for the antibacterial based on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), antioxidant based on DPPH scavenging activities, antidiabetic based on a-glucosidase assay, anticancer based on MTT assays and total phenolic content using the modifications of Folin ciocalteu assay. The structures isolated pure compounds elucidated using modern spectrophotometry methods such as ]H NMR, 13C NMR, APT, HMBC, HMQC, COSY, FTIR and GC-MS. Six pure compounds, namely taraxerone (SI), taraxerol (S2), epitaraxerol (S3), stigmasterol (S4), ^-sitosterol (S5) and taraxerene (S6) were successfully isolated from M. hosei while three pure compounds, namely oleanane (Ml), stigmasterol (M2) and /^-sitosterol (M3) were isolated from M. tuberosa. The chloroform and methanol crude extracts for both bark and leaves of M. hosei showed very strong DPPH activities while all isolated pure compounds tested were not active. The chloroform crude extracts for both leaves and bark were active and able to inhibit and kill the bacterial used in this study compared to other extracts and pure compounds. The bioassays study on M. tuberosa indicated that this plant has a high concentration of phenolic contents, high antioxidant activity, moderate a-glucosidase activity and strong cytotoxicity activities against HT-29, HELA, and MCF-7.