Integration of Bow Tie analysis and ALOHA software for risk and consequences evaluation for liquid-vapor separator (v-100) in production of acetic acid during chemical process development and design / Umi Umaira Afnan Mohd Yasin

According to this case study on the production of acetic acid, the compressor, heater, distillation column, separator, and cooler are the equipment used in the procedure. Separator have emerged as the primary issue and focus for this project since it is one of the major contributors to industrial accidents. An industrial accident is an unexpected incident that occurs in the workplace that makes the workplace unsafe and adversely affects many people, including the industry, workers, affected communities and the environment. Many researchers have investigated and introduced numerous safety approaches in order to eliminate and reduce the accidents from occurring in the industry. However, after evaluating the methods, accidents still occur and the methods are less effective to be practiced in the workplace. Therefore, this case study intends to analyse risks and hazards by using the Bow-Tie Analysis and study a consequences analysis via Aloha Modelling Software. Bow-Tie Analysis provide the risk evaluation without a detailed information about the consequences of the accidents while Aloha Modelling Software provide a detailed and precise consequences of the accidents visually. Hence, this project was implemented to integrate both methods in order to create a more comprehensive assessment towards hazard and risk consequences. This project begins with the hazard identification which is to point out the hazards in the selected equipment and assessed stream based on the case study. Then, its continuing with the risk assessment which divided into two which is risk analysis by Bow-Tie Analysis and consequences analysis by Aloha Modelling Software. According to the requirement for the method Bow-Tie Analysis, the risk control will be discussed by using the Inherently Safety Design (ISD). The reduction of hazard and risk should be done to improve the process and unit operation. There are three sources of the accidents base on Aloha Modelling Software but the result from the investigation shows that the worst accident is because of the Direct Source, Toxic Area Of Vapor Cloud. Then, the risky and dangerous substance in the process is Acetic Acid which the accident may expose the poisonous and toxic vapor until 10 kilometres from the location. This accident can claim many lives of workers and civilians who are in the threatened area. This study make the use of Bow Tie analysis and ALOHA software to its full potential by enhancing and combining these two risk and consequence analysis method in the process of safety analysis. As a result, an integrated process safety analysis is developed.