Antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Swietenia macrophylla king against foodborne pathogens / Che Amira Izzati Che Man

Food poisoning and foodborne illnesses caused by microbial deterioration during preparation and storage are becoming more common across the world. Synthetic additives and antimicrobial agents are used in food processing to alleviate the development of bacteria, minimizing contamination and extending food shelf life. Unfortunately, synthetic chemical additives have harmful effects and might lead to respiratory or other health issues. Due to increasing attention to that, there is a greater need for natural inhibitors as alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agent. Efficacy of Swietenia macrophylla has been investigated in many studies, however its antibiofilm and antibacterial against foodborne pathogens remains not well investigated. The present work was performed to examine the phytochemicals constituents, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of S. macrophylla leaves ethanolic extract against S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. sonnei ATCC 33862, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145. Antibiofilm activities of S. macrophylla was studied using the crystal violet assay, time killing assay and biofilm inhibitory concentration. Antibacterial activities were done by the determination of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the phytochemical compounds of the plant. GC-MS of S. macrophylla plant leaves extract, revealed the existence of Germanicol (11.50%), 3,4-Altrosan (1.44%), 2,4-Di-tert butylphenol (0.49%) and n-Hexadecanoic (0.23%). The ethanolic extract of S. macrophylla had the lowest MIC values against P