A review on continuous flow adsorption of methylene blue by activated carbon in fixed-bed column / Elmira Annessa Zainuddin

Malaysia's industrialization has resulted in water contamination, producing wastewater. In the foreseeable future, this issue is projected to get worse. Continuous adsorption by activated carbon (AC) in fixed-bed column offers an approach for resolving access to care challenges since it utilizes a low-cost adsorbent, generates minimal sludge, and is simple to deploy. This review paper focused on the influence of several factors on the continuous adsorption process in the fixed-bed column, such as the flow rate of methylene blue, initial methylene blue concentration, and the bed height of the column (BHC). The discussion of Thomas, Adam-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson's models helps in the prediction of the breakthrough curve with the analysis of the R² values. With this, the factors that can help in the efficiency of continuous adsorption in a fixed-bed column can be determined. This review can aid in the wastewater treatment industries, particularly with the environmental-friendly adsorbents, and implement it in a large-scale application.