A review on the production of liquid fuel from copyrolysis of solid wastes / Nur Qistina Sofia Zakaria

Economists predict an increasing energy demand from worldwide over next two decades by means the usage of fossil fuel is at maximum consumption. Remarkably, the over consumption of fossil fuel is associated with environmental problems and reduction of fossil fuel source. Hence, the application of biofuel to recover energy from waste in the form of biofuel has attracted global interest as a means of ensuring environmental and energy security via pyrolysis. Pyrolysis have environmental and socio-economic benefits. The present study focuses on the liquid fuel production through co-pyrolysis of solid-based waste in varying composition and characterization of the liquid products. Waste plastics and waste tyres were selected as primary feedstock due to its wide availability and low cost. One of the purposes of this review is to review the pyrolytic product from composition of solid-based waste, to gives insight into the co-pyrolysis and their reaction process and to look at the synergistic impacts of co-pyrolysis on the quality of liquid fuel. Based on this review, mixtures of palm shell and polystyrene waste were pyrolyzed to obtain a high-grade pyrolytic liquid that could be used as a fuel. An externally heated co-pyrolysis reactor converted solid tyre waste and rice husk into biofuels and chemicals. Co-pyrolysis was also investigated for its potential to transform used frying oil and polyolefin-based plastic waste. Meanwhile, co-fed solid waste with palm shells, used frying oil and rice husk improves compounds of biofuel to satisfy the requirement of conventional fuel.