Comparison of α₄ β₁ integrin expression between osteosarcoma cell line and primary osteosarcoma cell isolated from patients with osteosarcoma / Fadzliza Hafiza Ramli

Osteosarcoma is a rare and aggressive primary malignant bone tumour that arises in metaphyses of long bones of children and young adults. The 5-year survival rate of osteosarcoma has improved over the years with the advancement of technology however metastasis remains the major problem in the prognosis of this disease. Therefore, this study was carried out to understand more on the fundamental biological processes of osteosarcoma metastasis by characterizing the features of primary osteosarcoma cells and osteosarcoma cell line followed by elucidating the expressions level of α₄ and β₁ integrins protein in both cultures. Four types of cultured cells were used; hFOB 1.19 cell line, MG-63 cell line, human osteoblast, and primary osteosarcoma cells isolated from osteosarcoma patients (n=5). Based on the characterization result, MG-63 cells and primary cells were distinctively different through their morphology features. This is due to the cell line has been altered genetically to live immortally in in vitro condition. However, the expression level of α₄ integrin showed to be significantly different in only OS5. In contradictory, the expression of β₁ integrin of OS1 and OS5 were significantly low when compared to MG-63 cells. Conversely, the cytoskeletal arrangements were dynamically structured as MG-63 cell expressed on tubulin showing that the segregation of chromosome were highly active. Meanwhile the primary osteosarcoma cells showed significantly difference in OS1, OS4 and OS5 expressing actin proteins that involved in cell locomotion and subsequent exhibit cell migration even though it is not significant. Therefore, further elucidation on α₄ and β₁ integrins and cytoskeletal arrangement are required for future exploration therapeutic mediators to cure osteosarcoma patients.