Differential protein profile in bone remodelling induced by denture wear / Umi Hairun Anis Ismail

Removable partial and complete dentures are routinely used to replace missing teeth in
partially and completely edentulous patients respectively. However, as these dentures
obtain their primary support from the mucosa and the underlying bone to function
effectively, denture wearing has been associated with an increased rate of residual ridge
resorption (RRR). The continuous and intermittent mechanical pressure exerted by
these dentures on the underlying soft tissue mucosa has been shown to induce
inflammation and led to the phenomena of alveolar bone resorption and triggered the
secretion of various proteins and enzymes into the saliva. This study aimed to identify
the differential protein profile associated with bone remodelling induced by denture
wear. These differentially expressed proteins could potentially serve as biomarkers for
bone remodelling in denture wearing patients. This research was based on the data
obtained from the saliva samples of 6 Removable Partial Denture and 14 Complete
Denture patients. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected twice, once before the
issuance of denture (T0) and another after 30 days of denture insertion (T1). Salivary
proteins were resolved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) over a pH
range of 3-10, and the resulting proteome profiles were compared using Image J
software. The differentially expressed proteins with significant p-value ≤ 0.05 were
further identified by LC/MS Q-TOF. Based on the functional annotation analysis, 8 of
the identified proteins were found to have functions that are potentially associated with
the mechanism of inflammation and bone remodelling process. The proteins were
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38 (p=0.003), G-protein coupled receptor (p=0.003),
Interleukin-31 receptor subunit alpha (p=0.012), PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-
interacting protein (p=0.005), Fibroblast growth factor 11 (p=0.003), BMP and activin
membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (p=0.002) and Granzyme B splice variant 2
(p=0.001). In conclusion, differential protein profile associated with bone remodelling
induced by denture wear have been identified and these proteins could potentially serve
as biomarkers for bone remodelling in denture wearing patients.