Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity on piper betel leaves / Nurul Aida Sarol

The aim of this study are to extract the plant, to determine the TLC profile of the extracted sample, to carry out the phytochemical screening and to conduct antibacterial activities of the plant crude towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Piper betel leaves were extracted by using Soxhlet extractor with continuous heat extraction for 6 -8 hours. Extractions were done successively by using two solvent which are chloroform and ethanol which have different polarity. The highest percentage extraction yield was found in chloroform extract with 13.10% compared to ethanol extract, the percentage extraction yield was 5.32%. These two types of extract were used to determine the presence of different bioactive compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profile. Two combinations of Hex:EtOAc and Toluene:EtOAc were used as a mobile phase to give maximum resolution of spots. The phytochemical screening of Piper betel leaves has been studied to determine the presence of metabolites. Ethanol extract was found to give positive result for flavonoid, phenolics, tannins, phlobatannins and alkaloids tests while chloroform extract gave positive result for saponins and terpenoids tests only. Antibacterial activities were tested using four bacteria strain against two extracts by using disk diffusion method. Bacteria employed for Grampositive were Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccus aureus while the Gram-negative are Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Ethanol extract shows strongest antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria than chloroform extract.