Phytochemical and antihyperglycemic action of fruit extraction of momordica charantia in alloxan-diabetic rats / Muhammad Shahril Nizam Judin

This study was conducted to identify the chemical constituent of Momodica
charantia extract and observed the effect of various dosage of extract in the
alloxan-diabetic rats. The fruit M charantia was extracted by soaking the
sample with water solvent, filtered and evaporated by using distillation method
to produce the concentrated valuable mass. The main function of M charantia
extract is used for antidiabetic as it has great potential in reducing high level of
blood glucose. The rats were divided into seven groups that consists normal
group, diabetic control and group that receive different dosage treatment of
aqueous extraction of M charantia which dosage at 250 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 150
mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg based on body weight of rats. The rats was
injected by using alloxan monohydrate for induction of hyperglycemic blood
glucose levels and after 5 days the blood was taken through tail vein to
confirmed diabetic condition. The blood glucose levels were measured for each
three days within 15 days of treatment by using Accu-Chek advantage n
glucometer. The phytochemical screening test shows positive for presence of
alkaloid, saponins and glycosides. The effect of different dosage of treatment
extract demonstrated that 200 mg/kg gave better significant mean of decrement
of blood glucose levels which is 6.27 ± 0.26 compared to the treatment group
and diabetic control group. Besides, the amount of drinking water in rats can
increase the potential in reducing high level blood glucose and this showed by
rats in group that given 250 mg/kg required high mean of drinking water which
56.33 ± 3.42 to recover from the diabetic condition. The body weight diabetic
also showed the significant different between the group at p < 0.05. Effects of
weight, the amount of water intake and glucose levels in the blood indicate that
the highest dose treatment M charantia extract of 250 mg/kg require a lot of
water intake compared with the other group of that result from a high level of
glucose in the blood. Treatment with a dose of 200 mg/kg showed that the
level of glucose in the blood of rats can be lowered to normal level in contrast
to the other group in which the glucose level is still in diabetic condition.