Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial actmties of barringtonia racemosa leaves against selected bacteria / Nur Azwani Awari

Barringtonia racemosa or "Putat Kampung" was known to show various types of
biological activities such as analgesic, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. B.
racemosa has several secondary. metabolites which included the diterpenes,
triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. Chemical-based medicines mainly
give unwanted side effects to the consumers. The microbial resistance towards
these antibiotics also keep increasing. Therefore, the search for new potential
effective plants to fight pathogenic microorganisms was timely to do. This study
was carried out to determine the phytochemical compound in B. racemosa's
methanol and hexane leaves extract, to identify the antimicrobial activities of B.
racemosa leaves extract against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The
bacteria used were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella
pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the antimicrobial
activities of methanol and hexane extracts of B. racemosa were determined using
disc diffusion and MIC tests. In phytochemical screening, alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, terpenoids and saponins compounds were examined. 400 mg/ml, 200
mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml concentrations were used in determining the
inhibition zones in disc diffusion method while 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml
and 12.5 mg/ml concentrations were used in MIC test. The results showed the
presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins in methanol
extract while in hexane only tannins was present. For disc diffusion, the methanol
extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa at 400
mg/ml concentration while for hexane extract, there was no antimicrobial activity
were detected against all bacteria tested. The concentration at 12.5 mg/ml was
determined as the MIC for methanol extract. As a conclusion, B. racemosa has a
promising high potential as an antibacterial agent and be able to replace the
existing chemical-based products