Physiological and morphological effects of ultrasound intervention during pregnancy on newborn rabbits with parathyroid hormone dysregulation / Ummi Farhana Hashim

Ultrasound bioeffect definition is usually used in the pejorative manner, implying that it is unwarranted, and lead to harmful effects. However in reality, these bioeffects when applied in the correct manner and condition propagates beneficial effects in several medical conditions. Present ex-vivo experimental studies were undertaken to examine the effects of ultrasound intervention during pregnancy over newborn rabbits’ hormonal, biochemical, physical, and bone development in maternal hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and hypoparathyroidism (HyPT) with and without ultrasound intervention. There were two different maternal conditions which were HPT and HyPT that compared to normal condition. The HPT consisted of a positive control group devoid of any ultrasound intervention and three experimental groups that received parathyroid ultrasound intervention once at different durations and gestational stages. Similarly, in HyPT also comprise of a negative control group devoid of any ultrasound intervention and three experimental groups that received obstetric ultrasound intervention once at different durations and gestational stages. The intervention were given once during pregnancy in the experimental groups for 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min at the 1st (embryonic day (ED) 6), 2nd (ED 17) and 3rd (ED 28) gestational stage accordingly, using Philips HD3 2D B-mode system. Acoustic output parameters were kept constant. Total 136 newborns (control, n=12; HPT, n=62; HyPT, n=62) were euthanized and analysed.