Developing a uni-modal liability framework for seamless cross border carriage of goods by rail: a case of Southeast Asia mainland / Adi Aizat Yajid

The railway industry in ASEAN is still struggling to make sure that it is still relevant and needed in ASEAN logistics industry. The upcoming ASEAN Economic Community eventually challenged the railway industry to develop itself to ensure that it could compete with the other mode of transportation in the cross border carriage of goods. The Singapore-Kunming Railway Link has given the railway industry another opportunity to improve the services and become one of the forces, which moved the sub-region economy. Accordingly, the physical and institutional developments need to be done simultaneously in ensuring the success of the cross border carriage of goods by rail. Practically, in ASEAN, since the railway industry is still as of personal interest, the developments phase is different according to the countries. The collective developments have yet to take place for both physical and institutional developments. Nevertheless, as for the time being, the cross border carriage of goods by rail in ASEAN mainland is still governed by the local law as there are lack of sub-regional level agreements to be used collectively. Protocol 6 of ASEAN Framework Agreement of Facilitation of Goods in Transit is the only sub-regional level agreement available to govern the railway industry collectively. But, it only concerns on the railway border and interchange station…