The face metaphor of a virtual teacher : Development of the engine to convey sad facial expression / Herni Haryati Badrulzaman

This research is about developing a face metaphor of a virtual teacher that is used to
create a sense of presence in the e-leaming environment, hi this research qualitative
information through sad facial expression will be focused on. The expression of the
virtual teacher will focus on the mouth area; example of sad facial expression with a
closed mouth bent downwards. Exploratory approach is used in the construction of a
model for face metaphor of the virtual teacher, hi order to developed the sad facial
expression of the virtual teacher, sad engine was first developed. Matlab is used to
develop the sad engine. The sad engine was first construct using the technique derived
from finite automata before codifying it into Matlab. There was five degree of sadness
developed in the sad engine. The virtual teacher was first in the state of expressionless or
the neutral state. As more and more incorrect answers were given, the degree of sadness
will increased.