From peel to protection: eco-friendly insect repellent from pomelo

Synthetic insect repellents are widely used to prevent insect-borne diseases but they often cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. In response, this poduct explores the potential of pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel, an abundant agricultural waste as a natural insect repellent. The peels are rich in bioactive compounds such as limonene and α-pinene which are known for their insecticidal properties. Essential oils will be extracted using hydrodistillation and soxhlet extraction and the processes will be optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for higher yield and quality. The chemical composition of the extracts will be analysed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The repellency efficacy of the optimized extracts will be evaluated and compared with commercial insect repellents at various concentrations by using excito repellency chamber assay made from the recylce materials. Aligned with Malaysia’s National Agrofood Policy (NAP 2.0) and Pesticides Act 1974 which advocate for bio-based pest control, this product supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (Good Health), 12 (Responsible Consumption), and 15 (Life on Land) by reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and valorizing waste. The product aims to produce a safe, effective and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents thus contributing to public health improvement and sustainable agricultural waste utilization.