Skilled labour deficiency and strategic responses in the Malaysian printing industry.

The Malaysian printing industry is currently grappling with significant challenges stemming from a shortage of skilled workers, which has negatively impacted production quality, operational efficiency, and competitiveness. This study examines these issues through interviews conducted with eight experienced industry representatives. Key themes identified through thematic analysis include ineffective recruitment practices, gaps in training institutions, and perceptions of the industry. The shortage of skilled workers has led to several challenges, including compromised print quality, reduced customer satisfaction, and lower production productivity. To address these issues, printing companies have implemented strategies such as workforce management, structured training programs, technological advancements, and subcontracting. These strategies highlight the importance of collaboration and proactive planning among industry stakeholders to ensure the sector remains resilient and competitive, despite challenges like technological advancements, demographic shifts, and the push toward sustainability. The findings provide valuable insights for industry leaders and policymakers in designing effective strategies to strengthen the workforce and maintain the industry's competitiveness