Impacts of Malaysia’s climate on wall material deterioriation in residential housing: a comparative study of construction eras in pre-war (1900-1940), post war (1980-1990) and modern (early 2000s) in wall material defect

Putrajaya is located in Klang Valley in peninsular Malaysia, twenty-five kilometers south of Kuala Lumpur. It is also part of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC), which runs approximately fifty kilometers connecting Kuala Lumpur to Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). The total population of Putrajaya is around 109,202 residents and continues to grow over time. This population increase has led to increased demand for commuting or traveling, especially in the city center during peak hours. Public rail infrastructure such as Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) was provided around the Klang Valley area, which will be vital in addressing this congestion. MRT helps minimise congestion, enhance quality of life by lowering pollution, and reduce carbon emissions from private vehicles. This study aims to explore the effects of MRT and factors that influence MRT development in Putrajaya by using content analysis methods to analyze data, which is gathered from literature and previous studies. The initial findings of the effects of MRT find that the MRT has increased property value and development projects, improved accessibility and connectivity, enhanced urban planning and infrastructure, encouraged smart city initiatives, and expanded retail and entertainment hubs in Putrajaya. The MRT development is strongly influenced by traffic congestion, environmental sustainability, urban population growth and development, land use planning, and Transit-Oriented (TOD) strategies. This study is crucial in understanding the effect of MRT on the development in Putrajaya.