Islamic adab courseware for year two students based on UDL principles

KAFA Class is an abbreviation of Fardhu Ain Religious Class for primary students in a few states in Malaysia. For KAFA Classes, there are eight to nine subjects taught in class for year 1 to year 6 students. Since its presence, all subjects have been taught using traditional methods (in class through a face-to-face method by using textbooks and activity books). During the pandemic of Covid-19, teachers are facing difficulties in teaching online as there are very minimal sources of teaching materials. Hence, this study is conducted in response to the issue. For this study, the focus has been set for year 2 students that taking Islamic Adab subjects in Sekolah Kebangsaan Tembak, Kedah. The main aim of this study is to develop a standalone courseware for Islamic Adab for year 2 students. To achieve the main aim, three objectives have been set. The process starts with preliminary studies to gather information on courseware requirements. The preliminary findings have been mapped to Universal Design Learning (UDL) which focuses on three main theory components which are (i)engagement, (ii)representation, and (iii)action and expressions. The findings are then used in the development phase which involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. To complete the testing phase, the courseware then undergoes functionality and usability testing. Findings from the testing results indicate that the courseware developed meets all requirements set at the preliminary stage and is suitable to be used in teaching Islamic Adab for year 2 students.