Identification the presence of air cavities using gpr in different compactness of soil related to sinkhole

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a widely used method which is non-destructive for underground or subsurface detection. It is used in various field and proved to be reliable and effective. This study focuses on detecting the presence of air cavities using GPR and analyzing the radargram output based on the compactness of soil and different frequencies. The compactness is used to illustrate the presence of cavities underground artificially. The research examines how variations in compactness of soil affect the radargram response in showing the presence of cavities using different frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate that lower permittivity materials enhance signal penetration but reduce reflection contrast, whereas higher permittivity materials result in stronger reflections, improving cavity detection. The findings highlight the importance of frequency selection and material properties in optimizing GPR surveys for subsurface anomaly detection and by having an artificially created cavities, the results can be study to see the changes.