Words shape worlds: gender stereotyping in children's picture books

This study investigates the construction and influence of gender stereotypes in children’s picture books, with a specific focus on the Chinese and English versions of Beauty and the Beast. Grounded in Gender Schema Theory and Social Learning Theory, the research employed a mixed-methods approach that combined textual analysis, interviews, and surveys with 30 children aged 9–10. Findings reveal that both versions of the picture book reinforce traditional gender stereotypes, though cultural differences are evident: the Chinese version emphasizes gentleness and obedience, while the English version highlights intelligence and bravery. Children’s perceptions largely align with stereotypical gender expectations, associating traits such as bravery with boys and gentleness with girls, though some participants demonstrated flexibility and resistance to these norms. These results suggest that children’s literature functions as a powerful medium of socialization, transmitting both linguistic and cultural values of gender. However, the findings also highlight the potential for literature to challenge stereotypes and encourage more equitable perceptions of gender roles. Implications are offered for educators, parents, and authors to foster inclusive narratives that support children’s holistic development.