Discovering learners’ attitude towards second language learning based on ABC attitude model

This study explores learners' attitudes towards the learning of a second language, focusing on the ABC Attitude Model encompassing affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. The research aims to explore how learners' attitudes align with these dimensions when acquiring English as a second language and how learning materials influence their attitude. A Likert-type survey was administered to seventy semester two undergraduate students from one university in Malaysia, with a gender distribution of 41.4% male and 58.6% female. The majority of respondents were aged 20 to 22, enrolled in an English for Professional Communication program. The study analyzed the survey data using SPSS v29, demonstrating high internal reliability. The findings show that students are mainly motivated by the practical benefits of learning English for their future careers, are more engaged when they see its relevance, and prefer clear, well-organised, and technology-based learning materials. Students' motivation to learn English is driven by career goals; however, many struggle with self-directed learning. They engage in language tasks, yet grammar and syntax remain challenging, so structured support is necessary. Furthermore, digital and well-organised materials improve comprehension, enhance flexibility, and promote independent learning. These insights can help educators and language practitioners refine their teaching methods to better align with learners' expectations and preferences.