Simple and low-cost in-house production of high yield and stable graphene oxide

Graphene oxide (GO) possesses unique properties that are suitable for various applications. GO is the oxidized form of graphene and exhibits variable structures and properties depending on the synthesis process, incorporating groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, epoxy, and carboxyl. Due to its higher content of oxygen functional groups and increased number of defects, GO has a greater number of adsorption sites. These functional groups significantly influence the material properties, enabling potential applications in diverse fields of scienc¡e and technology. The market demand for GO in advanced applications has driven its price from RM1,000 to RM8,000 per gram, depending on purity. This high price restricts research and further industrial-scale applications, especially given the lack of local supply.