Pixels, practice, and policy: assessing radiation therapists’ compliance with Malaysia’s Allied Health Act 774

The Allied Health Professions Act 2016 (Act 774) was established to regulate allied health professions in Malaysia, including radiation therapists, with the aim of ensuring professional accountability, patient safety, and standardized practice. Despite its importance, the level of understanding and compliance among radiation therapists remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Malaysian radiation therapists regarding Act 774, and to identify factors influencing regulatory adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted among 164 registered radiation therapists across Malaysia using a validated KAP questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate levels of awareness, perception, and compliance. Inferential analysis explored associations between KAP domains and demographic variables. Results: While most respondents demonstrated basic awareness of Act 774, notable deficits were observed in specific areas such as the registration process, penalties for non-compliance, and perceived benefits of the Act. Attitude scores reflected a generally positive outlook, with a majority recognizing the Act’s role in enhancing professional standards and patient safety. However, practice scores were relatively low, revealing a significant gap between attitude and behavioral compliance. Years of experience showed a significant association with practice levels. A moderate correlation between attitude and practice suggested the presence of external barriers, including limited institutional support and enforcement challenges. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for targeted education, structured enforcement strategies, and policy enhancements to strengthen compliance with Act 774. Bridging the gap between regulation and practice is critical for elevating radiation therapy standards in Malaysia.