Managing waqf cemeteries in Perak: institution and governance practice

The management of waqf cemeteries in Malaysia, especially in Perak, is facing growing challenges due to limited land availability, urban expansion, and lack of proper governance. Despite the importance of waqf in supporting Muslim burial needs, there is still a lack of research focusing specifically on the management of waqf cemeteries at the local level. This study aims to examine the current practices in managing waqf cemeteries in Perak and to explore how the Perak Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIPk) administers waqf land for cemetery purposes. A qualitative research approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with MAIPk officers and cemetery management representatives from selected districts in Perak. The data collected were analysed thematically. The findings show that MAIPk plays a key role as the policy maker and land trustee, while mosque-based cemetery bureaus are responsible for daily operations such as burial procedures, documentation, maintenance, and record-keeping. Several challenges were identified, including limited funding, shortage of burial land, inconsistent record management, and weak enforcement. However, initiatives like multi-level graves and centralized cemetery planning have been introduced as innovative solutions. This study contributes to improving the understanding of waqf cemetery governance and provides recommendations for more systematic, efficient, and sustainable management practices in line with Islamic principles and community needs.