Abstract
Growing consumer concern over synthetic additives has intensified interest in plant-based lip care. This study formulated and evaluated a dual-extract lip balm using beetroot (Beta vulgaris) pigment and Kaempferia galanga Linn (KGL) essential oil as natural colourant and bioactive agents. Twenty-two formulations were prepared from coconut oil, beeswax, and candelilla wax, with varying beetroot:KGL ratios (0.5–2.5 g). Each formulation was assessed for pH (n=3), melting point, greasiness index, surface homogeneity, and accelerated colour stability (30 days at 40 °C/75 % RH and 4 °C). Among all tested formulations, F7 exhibited the most favourable balance of non-greasy texture, stable pH, and good melting point, supporting its potential as a safe and natural cosmetic alternative.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Creators: | Creators Email / ID Num. Che Radzi, Nurhaslina UNSPECIFIED Ahmad Kamarul, Afiqah Dayana UNSPECIFIED |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > Special industries and trades > Pharmaceutical industry Q Science > QK Botany > Spermatophyta. Phanerogams |
| Divisions: | Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam > Faculty of Chemical Engineering |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) |
| UiTM Journal Collections: | UiTM Journals > Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) |
| ISSN: | 2682-8588 |
| Volume: | 8 |
| Number: | 2 |
| Page Range: | pp. 39-51 |
| Keywords: | Natural lip balm, Beetroot, Kaempferia galanga Linn, Herbal formulation, Natural cosmetics |
| Date: | October 2025 |
| URI: | https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/129118 |
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