Larvicidal potential from the mixture of allium sativum (garlic) and piper nigrum (black pepper) against mosquitoes

Mosquito-transmitted pathogens cause major public health problems and contribute substantially to the global burden of disease. For many years, chemical synthetic insectide are used to vector control intervention. Continuous exposure of chemical synthetic insecticide has induce resistance of the mosquitoes, rendering it to be useless. Excessive usage of synthetic insecticides bas also proven to cause biological control systems disruption as it leads to the development of insecticides resistance among the mosquito species. This concern urges to find an environment friendly, cost-effective and biodegradable insecticides against mosquitoes in order to tackle the obstacles on the effectiveness of vector control intervention. Hence, this study is important to expand the bio-insecticide alternatives against 3 different mosquito species based on the active component present in Piper nigrum (Black pepper) & Allium sativum (Garlic). The method included field collection of the mosquito eggs, rearing of mosquitoes, plant extraction using Soxhlet apparatus and Rotary Evaporator, phytochemical screening and larval rearing for larvicidal bioassay test to determine the lethal concentration (LCso and LCxi). The phytochemical screening of the plants mixture showed the positive detection of flavonoids, tannins, phenols and terpenoids. The plant mixture has higher potency on the lab mosquito species compared to the wild mosquito species. As for the comparison for the 3 different mosquito species, the plant mixture is most effective towards Aedes aegypti followed by Cu/ex species and lastly, Aedes albopictus. Further studies should be carried out to optimize the potential insectide abilities of these plants extract combination. Furthermore, other plants with larvicidal potential should be explored and studied to maximize the use of natural resources as effective larvicide.