Secondary metabolites of carissa carandas linn: a systematic review on the potential therapeutic benefits

Carissa carandas Linn is a member of Apocynaceae family that widely distributed in area with tropical and subtropical region. The common name for this plant is Karonda and over thousands of years had been used as traditional medicine plant in the Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic medicinal system. Secondary metabolites are produced by modification of primary metabolites by using synthases enzyme. They did not play a major role in organism growth, development and reproduction. However, they gave a vital role in the ecological function like defend mechanism against herbivore and insect. Secondary metabolites can be divided into three major groups which are alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolics. The method used in this study by collecting information based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles used in this study are being published between 1970 until 2016 included abstract, review and full papers. Articles used other than English languages were excluded. Based on the studies, Carissa carandas rich in flavonoid, tannin saponin, triterpenes, ursolic acid, carissic acid, beta-caryophyllene, lupeol, carissol and carissin. These constituents exhibit therapeutic benefits such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anthelminthic, antiulcer and many more. This systematic review had been written to provide a complete review on the potential therapeutic benefits of secondary metabolites from Carissa carandas. Therefore, the information from this study can be used as a reference for researchers or other people. By doing this research, the data collected also can be used by people for the educational purpose.