The application of ice flakes in precast concrete slab

The expansion of Malaysia's economy is now greatly influenced by the construction sector. A rather common occurrence in concrete constructions is crack development, which allows water and different types of mixture into the concrete and affects its durability and strength. Ice flakes are utilised to address the issue of cracks. It helps in slowing down the cement hydration process and improves the durability and strength of concrete. (Manaratain, 2020) Additionally, the prefabrication technique is replacing conventional processes in the Malaysian construction sector in favour of ones that are more methodical and mechanized. Prefabrication is also known as Industrialized Building Systems (IBS). It is currently becoming more significant in the building sector, exceeding all traditional approaches. Enhancing the strength and quality of concrete is the focus of the study on concrete innovation. The objective of this study is to determine whether there was a precast concrete defect in the Industrialised Building System (IBS). Next, to identify strategies for producing replacement materials at a precast concrete building site and overcoming defects Last but not least, to analyse the marketing potential of the proposal materials in concrete.